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A situação para os produtores se deteriorou após a União Europeia (UE) remover as cotas sobre a produção leiteira
Após um rali entre 2009 e 2014, os preços de lácteos no mercado internacional caíram atualmente para metade do que valiam há alguns anos, pressionando as margens de produtores. Muitos esperavam uma demanda maior por esses alimentos, mas os prognósticos não se concretizaram e impactaram importantes países produtores, como a Nova Zelândia.
“A indústria de laticínios enfrenta desafios difíceis”, resumiu o neozelandês Reserve Bank, que não descarta mais perdas para lácteos devido a questões cambiais e à desaceleração econômica da China. “A demanda internacional enfraquecida (por lácteos) fez com que o crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) da Nova Zelândia se desacelerasse de 4% em 2014 para 2,5% em 2015.
Um fator chave para isso foi a queda nos preços dos lácteos, que respondeu por mais de 10% das perdas”, afirmou a instituição. O país da Oceania é o principal exportador de lácteos do mundo. Entre 2008 e 2015, a produção local cresceu 32%. Já nos Estados Unidos e na Austrália, o incremento foi de 10% a partir de 2009. A situação para os produtores, porém, se deteriorou após a União Europeia (UE) remover as cotas sobre a produção leiteira, o que impulsionou a fabricação de leite em pó. Paralelamente, a Rússia impôs restrições a compras internacionais, reduzindo a demanda global por lácteos.
Refletindo esses fundamentos, o Índice de Preços do GlobalDairyTrade, que abrange uma variedade de produtos, caiu 20% desde seu pico recente, registrado em 6 de outubro. O GlobalDairyTrade é um leilão internacional estabelecido pela neozelandesa Fonterra. Para especialistas, não existe qualquer possibilidade recuperação no curto prazo. “Há ainda uma grande quantidade de leite no mundo em comparação com a demanda. Traçar uma linha de tempo para a recuperação do setor é muito difícil de se fazer”, avaliou o analista Nick Vanderkolk, diretor para a região Ásia-Pacífico da Highground Dairy.
POR ESTADÃO CONTEÚDO
