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Este martes el presidente Mauricio Macri visitará Brasil para mantener una reunión oficial con su par Michel Temer con el propósito -según se anunció- de promover las relaciones comerciales entre ambos países y evaluar una mejor integración del Mercosur con otras naciones o bloques.
El ministro de Agricultura, Ganadería y Abastecimiento de Brasil, Blairo Maggi, adelantó que solicitará a sus pares argentinos que se incluya al azúcar en la lista de productos libre de aranceles en el ámbito del Mercosur. Los argentinos no adelantaron su agenda. Pero en la misma no debería estar excluida la leche en polvo.
En 2016 Brasil importó 48.941 toneladas de leche en polvo argentina por un valor FOB de 124,2 millones de dólares, según datos oficiales (Agrostat/MAPA). Pero las compras de ese producto provenientes de Uruguay el año pasado fueron de 101.693 toneladas por 335,8 millones de dólares.
La razón de semejante diferencia se explican por un “cupo de leche en polvo” que el gobierno brasileño asigna anualmente a la Argentina, el cual es de 51.600 toneladas en el presente ciclo 2016/17 (a razón de un promedio mensual de 4300 toneladas). Las industrias lácteas uruguayas, en cambio, pueden vender leche en polvo a Brasil sin restricciones.
Como el “cupo de leche en polvo” viola las normas establecidas en el Mercosur -donde supuestamente no debería haber restricción comercial alguna entre los cuatro países que integran el bloque- el mismo se presenta como un “convenio privado de autoregulación” gestionado entre el Centro de la Industria Lechera (CIL), la Asociación de Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas Lácteas de Argentina (Apymel) y la Confederación Nacional de Agricultura y Ganadería de Brasil (CNA).
La restricción para exportar libremente leche en polvo a Brasil -uno de los principales importadores mundiales del producto- es una de muchas variables que explican la profunda crisis de ingresos que afecta a los dos primeros eslabones de la cadena láctea: tamberos e industrias.
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