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Como a conformação de uma vaca se relaciona com características economicamente importantes na pecuária de leite atual?
Um estudo recente, feito pela Associação Americana do Gado Holandês (Holstein USA), buscou avaliar essas relações usando dados de classificação linear e produção (do DHIA*). O conjunto dos dados utilizados cobriu quase 20 anos de histórico e inclui mais de 1 milhão de vacas. Os resultados do estudo mostram claramente que vacas com conformação funcional mais correta vivem mais e produzem mais leite.
Os programas de classificação para tipo estão bem estabelecidos como um método para avaliar a conformação de características economicamente importantes. Animais com escores mais altos estão mais próximos da conformação física ideal para uma vaca holandesa.
As vacas incluídas na análise foram divididas em quartis, com um número igual de vacas em cada quartil (Figura 1). As vacas de primeira lactação no quartil superior para classificação final (pontuações finais entre 82 e 89 pontos) produziram 1.537 libras a mais de Leite Corrigido pela Energia (ECM), em 305 dias, do que aquelas no quartil inferior (76 pontos ou menos). Usando um preço de leite de longo prazo nos Estados Unidos, de US$ 20 por 100 libras, essa diferença representa US$ 307 a mais de receita bruta na primeira lactação.
Este grande conjunto de dados fornece uma nova visão sobre a importância da conformação física para a produção e a longevidade. Esses resultados também mostram que a classificação linear quantifica bem as características de conformação física economicamente importantes. À medida que o setor de laticínios se concentra na sustentabilidade, a criação de vacas que duram mais é cada vez mais importante. Esses resultados demonstram a importância da seleção de vacas leiteiras funcionalmente corretas para a rentabilidade leiteira.
Nota:
*Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) é uma associação que faz o serviço de controle leiteiro para os produtores americanos.
Fonte: Holstein USA
