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O diabetes é uma das doenças crônicas mais comuns no mundo e afeta milhões de pessoas. No diabetes tipo 1, o corpo não produz insulina; no tipo 2, o corpo não utiliza a insulina de forma eficaz. Por isso, é necessária a reposição desse hormônio com injeções diárias, bem como o monitoramento frequente dos níveis de glicemia. Com a demanda global por insulina crescendo rapidamente, atender a essa necessidade por meio dos métodos tradicionais, pode se tornar um desafio. E se a solução para esse problema estivesse... no leite de vaca?
Os métodos atuais de produção de insulina, que envolvem bactérias ou leveduras geneticamente modificadas, são eficazes, mas complexos e caros. Além disso, com a previsão de que o número de pessoas com diabetes aumente de 537 milhões em 2021 para 783 milhões em 2045, a necessidade de nova abordagem é urgente. A inovação é essencial para atender essa crescente demanda de forma mais eficiente e ível.
E, é aqui, que entram as vacas: elas poder produzir insulina no leite. Sim, você leu certo! Cientistas desenvolveram uma maneira de modificar geneticamente vacas para estimular a produção de leite que contenha insulina humana. Utilizando um vetor lentiviral –ferramenta para inserir genes nas células – os pesquisadores foram capazes de incorporar o gene da insulina humana com o promotor da β-caseína bovina, que direciona a produção de proteínas no leite.
O processo começou com a modificação de fibroblastos bovinos (células do tecido conjuntivo) utilizando o vetor lentiviral. Esses fibroblastos modificados foram então utilizados na transferência nuclear – uma técnica onde o núcleo da célula modificada é inserido em um óvulo de vaca sem núcleo, criando embriões transgênicos. Esses embriões foram implantados em vacas receptoras, resultando no nascimento de vacas capazes de produzir leite contendo insulina.
Para testar a eficácia, os cientistas analisaram o leite dessas vacas usando técnicas avançadas como western blotting (que detecta proteínas específicas) e espectrometria de massa (que identifica a composição molecular das proteínas) e os resultados foram surpreendentes: revelaram a presença de insulina humana e pró-insulina no leite (forma inativa da insulina, convertida em insulina ativa no corpo humano). A espectrometria de massa mostrou que havia mais insulina humana do que pró-insulina no leite, indicando que o leite produzido tem potencial real para ser usado no tratamento da diabetes.
Com mais pesquisas e desenvolvimento, essa abordagem inovadora pode se tornar solução vital para milhões de pessoas que dependem da insulina. Que tal brindar a inovação com um delicioso e rico nutricionalmente copo de leite?
Autora: Andreza Eberson dos Anjos
Fonte: Revista Leite Integral
